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Impairment of neural development in the QKD embryos. (A) Altered expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. RT-PCR analysis of the indicated genes was performed as described in Figure 4C. (B) Effects of B1 sox QKD on neural bHLH gene expression. The her3 expression is totally lost in the QKD embryos (a–c), whereas ascl1a is transiently upregulated at 75%E in a broad area of the neuroectoderm (d–f). (C) The loss of cyp26a1 expression in the anterior neuroectoderm (a, b) and evidence of hindbrain patterning defects: expansion of hoxb1a expression (c) and a severe reduction of mafba expression (d). (D) The loss of expression of oep and shha/b in the neuroectoderm of the QKD embryos. (a–d) In the QKD embryos, the expression of oep is lost in the ectoderm at the shield stage (b) and the neuroectoderm at the 75%E and tailbud stages (c, d) (marked by open arrowheads in b′–d′), whereas its initial zygotic expression (a) and mesodermal expression (b–d) are maintained (closed arrowheads in a′–d′). (e) ndr2 is also expressed in the QKD mesoderm at normal levels. (f–i) The expression of shha/b in the neuroectoderm is lost (marked by open arrowheads in f′–i′), whereas that in the mesoderm is retained (closed arrowheads in f′–i′). (E) The loss of mdkb expression in the neuroectoderm and severe reduction of foxd3 expression in the neural crest cells of QKD embryos.
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