Mutant VANGL1 and VANGL2 fail to rescue CE defects in zebrafish embryos. (A) Illustrations of normal, moderate, and severe defects in CE in zebrafish embryos injected with vangl2-MO (morpholino). (B) The optimal dosage of human VANGL1 and VANGL2 wild-type mRNA to rescue CE defects in zebrafish embryos. The reduced body length of zebrafish embryos caused by 8 ng vangl2-MO was fully rescued by 120 pg human VANGL1 or 80 pg human VANGL2 wild-type mRNA. The significance of the differences was calculated by a one-way ANOVA test, F = 47.60. The Top and Bottom asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the control-MO group and the vangl2-MO group, respectively. (C) The comparison of body length in zebrafish embryos between control-MO (Ctrl-MO), vangl2-MO (V2-MO), and rescue groups. The significance of the differences was calculated by a one-way ANOVA test, F = 117.60. (D) The comparison of body length in zebrafish embryos after mRNA injection between blank control, human VANGL1 wild-type, and human VANGL1 mutant groups. The statistical significance of differences between the groups was calculated by the one-way ANOVA test, F = 41.83. *P < 0.05. Box plots show the center line as the median, box limits as the upper and lower quartiles, and whiskers as the minimum to maximum values. The number in parentheses indicates the number of analyzed zebrafish embryos. V1 and V2 denote Vangl1 and Vangl2, respectively.
|
