Knockdown of Arl6ip1 induces KV cilia defects. (A-D) pitx2 normal expression in left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM)(arrow) at 20-somite stage was disrupted in embryos injected with arl6ip1-MO1/p53-MO. (E-H) At 20-somite stage, spaw is expressed in the left LPM (arrow), while knockdown of Arl6ip1/P53 resulted in left (E), absent (F), bilateral (G) or rightward (H) spaw expression in the LPM. (I, J) Confocal microscopic images of anti-acetylated tubulin staining of KV cilia (red fluorescent) at 8-somite stage. In the wild-type embryos, cilia can be observed in a spherical pattern in the region of KV (I). Cilia number, length and KV area reduced in arl6ip1-MO1/p53-MO morphants at 8-somite stage (J). (K) Summary of pitx2 and spaw asymmetrical gene expression patterns.
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