FIGURE

Fig. 1.

ID

ZDB-FIG-200509-35

Publication

Veerman et al., 2019 - Genetic variation in GNB5 causes bradycardia by augmenting the cholinergic response via increased acetylcholine-activated potassium current (I_K,ACh)

Other Figures

All Figure Page

Back to All Figure Page

Fig. 1.

Application of retinoic acid (RA) to differentiating hiPSCs results in cardiomyocytes (CMs) that exhibit a robust acetylcholine-activated K⁺ current (I_K,ACh). (A) Transcript expression of genes in RA-treated hiPSC-CMs relative to expression in DMSO-treated hiPSC-CMs. Data are mean±s.e.m. of three biological replicates, normalized to TBP. RA treatment enhanced expression of the genes KCNJ3, NPPA and NR2F2. *P<0.05 (two-sided t-tests). (B) Typical I_K,ACh traces in DMSO- and RA-treated hiPSC-CMs initiated by fast application of 100 µmol l⁻¹ carbachol (CCh). After reaching steady state, addition of 1 mmol l⁻¹ atropine achieves instant removal of CCh from muscarinic receptors and deactivation of the current. In DMSO-treated hiPSC-CMs, I_K,ACh was not detected, while RA-treated hiPSC-CMs all demonstrated a robust current (for average data, see Fig. 2). (C) Typical spontaneous action potentials (APs) of DMSO- and RA-treated hiPSC-CMs at baseline and upon addition of 10 µmol l⁻¹ CCh. (D,E) Frequency of spontaneous APs (D: n=9, DMSO; n=10, RA) and maximal diastolic potential (MDP; E: n=9, DMSO; n=9, RA) of each cell at baseline and in the presence of CCh in DMSO- and RA-treated hiPSC-CMs. *P<0.05 (two-way ANOVA). CCh reduces the AP frequency and causes significant MDP hyperpolarization in RA-treated, but not in DMSO-treated, hiPSC-CMs.

Expression Data

Expression Detail

Antibody Labeling

Phenotype Data

Phenotype Detail

Acknowledgments

This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ Dis. Model. Mech.