Fig. 5, S1

Thioctic acid and parthenolide inhibit NF-κB signaling.

(A-E) Confocal images of 5 dpf pancreata (dashed lines) from 6xNFκB:EGFP/Tp1:hmgb1-mCherry larvae treated with indicated compounds or DMSO control from 3dpf to 5dpf. The NF-κB reporter showed reduced fluorescence levels in the pancreas following exposure to all tested NF-κB inhibitors (A-D) compared with DMSO (E). Scale bar, 25 µm. (F) ARQiv scans were performed on individually tracked 6xNFκB:EGFP/Tp1:hmgb1-mCherry larvae prior to (3 dpf) and after compound exposures (5 dpf). All compounds induced a significant reduction of NF-κB reporter activity relative to 0.1% DMSO controls. GFP reporter expression levels were normalized to pre-treatment levels - that is, plotted as percent change in fluorescence over time (as per Walker et al., 2012) - and showed significant signal loss for all tested compounds. Error bar = standard deviation. NFκBi-II: NF-κB inhibitor II, NFκBi-III: NF-κB inhibitor III. All p-values were calculated using Dunnett′s test. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.