Cardiac trabeculation in zebrafish. (A) Cardiac trabeculae start to form in the ventricle around 72 hpf (arrow). (B) By 80 hpf, cardiac trabeculation has become more pronounced (arrows), with trabeculae distributed exclusively along the luminal side of the outer curvature of the ventricle. (C) The ventricle becomes extensively trabeculated by 5 dpf, but the inner curvature (arrowhead) remains smooth. (D) Cardiac trabeculae form ridges into the lumen as shown by 3D reconstruction. (E) The trabeculae continue to expand as shown at 15 dpf. (F-H) SPIM imaging shows that cardiac trabeculation increases in complexity (see corresponding movies in the supplementary material).
|