gart and paics are maternally provided and limit the severity of phenotypes in zygotic mutants. (A) RT-PCR analysis of gart indicates maternal expression at the 2-cell stage and sustained zygotic expression at 1, 3 and 6 dpf. (B) RT-PCR analysis of paicsLONG (6F/12R) and paicsSHORT (UTR/12R) at the 2-cell stage and 1, 3 and 6 dpf. Only paicsSHORT is provided maternally, whereas maintained zygotic expression of both splice forms was detected at 1, 3 and 6 dpf. beta actin was used as a control. (C) Wild-type sibling derived from a gart+/- x gart+/- cross at 28 hpf. (D) gart maternal-effect mutants (gartME) at 28 hpf are drastically delayed in development when compared with wild-type embryos derived from heterozygous incrosses. (E) gart maternal-zygotic (gartMZ) mutants at 28 hpf have arrested in development and display severe defects in anterior development. (F) paics maternal-effect mutants (paicsME) at 52 hpf have pigmentation defects and microphthalmia but are relatively normal otherwise. (G) paics maternal-zygotic (paicsMZ) mutant at 52 hpf. paicsMZ mutants are small, nearly albino and possess cardiac edemas and widespread CNS degeneration.
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