Evolution of dopamine receptor genes of the D1 class in vertebrates
- Authors
- Yamamoto, K., Mirabeau, O., Bureau, C., Blin, M., Michon-Coudouel, S., Demarque, M., and Vernier, P.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-121206-17
- Date
- 2013
- Source
- Mol. Biol. Evol. 30(4): 833-843 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Blin, Maryline, Demarque, Michael, Mirabeau, Olivier, Vernier, Philippe, Yamamoto, Kei
- Keywords
- dopamine receptor, gene duplication, phylogeny, telencephalon, tetrapod, teleost
- MeSH Terms
-
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Avian Proteins/genetics
- Avian Proteins/metabolism
- Brain/metabolism
- Chickens/genetics
- Chickens/metabolism
- Evolution, Molecular*
- Gene Duplication
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Likelihood Functions
- Models, Genetic
- Organ Specificity
- Phylogeny
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics*
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Synteny
- Xenopus Proteins/genetics
- Xenopus Proteins/metabolism
- Xenopus laevis/genetics
- Xenopus laevis/metabolism
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
- PubMed
- 23197594 Full text @ Mol. Biol. Evol.
The receptors of the dopamine neurotransmitter belong to two unrelated classes named D1 and D2. For the D1 receptor class, only two subtypes are found in mammals, the D1A and D1B, receptors, while additional subtypes, named D1C, D1D and D1X, have been found in other vertebrate species. Here we analyzed molecular phylogeny, gene synteny, and gene expression pattern of the D1 receptor subtypes in large range of vertebrate species, which leads to propose a new view of the evolution of D1 dopamine receptor genes. First, we show that D1C and D1D receptor sequences are encoded by orthologous genes. Second, the previously identified CypriniformD1X sequence is a teleost-specific paralog of the D1B sequences found in all groups of jawed vertebrates. Third, zebrafish and several sauropsid species possess an additional D1-like gene, which is likely to form another orthology group of vertebrate ancestral genes, we propose to name D1E. Ancestral jawed vertebrates are thus likely to have possessed four classes of D1 receptor genes; D1A, D1B(X), D1C(D), and D1E, that arose from large-scale gene duplications. The D1C receptor gene would have been secondarily lost in the mammalian lineage, while D1E receptor gene would have been lost independently in several lineages of modern vertebrates. The D1A receptors are well conserved throughout jawed vertebrates, while sauropsid D1C receptors have rapidly diverged, to the point that they were misidentified as D1D. The functional significance of the D1C receptor loss is not known. It is possible that the function may have been substituted by D1A or D1B receptors in mammals, following the disappearance of D1Creceptors in these species.