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Fig. 2 BMP-soaked beads can repress neural differentiation and induce epidermal ectoderm without perturbing normal gastrulation. (A) otx-2 expression was down regulated around the BMP-soaked bead. The effect of the BMP-soaked bead tended to be stronger in the region anterior to the bead than posterior to it. (B) Control BSA-soaked beads did not inhibit otx-2 expression at all. (C) In the same experiment, BMP-soaked beads did not perturb axial mesoderm formation at the morphological and molecular level. Neither gsc nor ntl in chordamesoderm was repressed. The non-neural (epidermal) ectoderm marker, gata-3 (D), was induced by BMP-soaked beads. As shown in Fig. 2A, a stronger effect was observed anterior to the bead. (E) Overexpression of DN-BRIA can repress the induction of gata-3 caused by BMP-soaked beads. In control embryo injected with b- galactosidase mRNA (F), gata-3 is expressed normally. Scale bar, 200 μm.