Fig. 1

Figure 1. Antioxidant effects of isoflavone compounds in zebrafish larvae. (A) Survival assays of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-treated zebrafish larvae using isoflavone compounds. Larvae (3.5 dpf) were pretreated with the indicated isoflavones at concentrations of 0 µM (gray, dotted), 1 µM (dark blue), 5 µM (green), and 25 µM (red). Sulforaphane (40 µM) was used as a control. After pretreatment for 12 h, the solution was changed to 2.8 mM hydrogen peroxide, and survival was measured every 12 h for 48 h. Each analysis was performed in triplicate, and the experiments were repeated multiple times. (B) Survival assays of sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂)-treated zebrafish larvae using isoflavone compounds. They were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and analyzed with log-rank test; p values of <0.01 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Asterisks denote toxic effects of the indicated phytochemicals. N.S. indicates not significant.