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The comparison of Keap1 proteins. (A) Simplified phylogeny of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Black and green rectangles represent two WGD events that occurred early in vertebrate evolution and an additional WGD in the teleost ancestor, respectively. (B) Phylogenetic tree of Keap1 family proteins. Amino acid sequences in the broad complex, tramtrack and bric-a-brac domains–intervening region (BTB–IVR) were obtained from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and NewtBase (http://newtbase.eko.uj.edu.pl/). Accession numbers: lmK1a, c152694_g1_i1 (NewtBase contig); xtK1a, XM_012953851; lcK1a, XM_014486756; drK1a, NM_182864; trK1a, XM_011618924; olK1a, XM_004082216; ecK1a, XM_028816380; rtK1a, XM_020523471; hsK1, NM_203500; mmK1, NM_016679; ggK1, KU321503; arK1, XM_026068028; ptK1, XM_026711369; acK1, XM_003216399; drK1b, NM_001113477; trK1b, XM_003972594; olK1b, XM_023955710; ecK1b, XM_028823679; lcK1b, XM_005994311; lmK1b, c118729_g1_i1 (NewtBase contig); xtK1b, NM_001008023; rtK1b, XM_020519602; ciK1, XM_002128019; dmK1, NM_142337. Abbreviations: ac, Anolis carolinensis (lizard); ar, Apteryx rowi (kiwi); ci, Ciona intestinalis (ascidian); dm, Drosophila melanogaster (fly); dr, Danio rerio (zebrafish); ec, Erpetoichthys calabaricus (snakefish); gg, Gallus gallus (chicken); hs, Homo sapiens (human); lc, Latimeria chalumnae (coelacanth); lm, Lissotriton montandoni (newt); mm, Mus musculus (mouse); ol, Oryzias latipes (medaka); pt, Pseudonaja textilis (snake); rt, Rhincodon typus (shark); tr, Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish); xt, Xenopus tropicalis (frog). Of note, all 74 teleosts in the Ensembl Genome Browser have both Keap1a and Keap1/Keap1b genes, while all 104 mammals, 13 birds and 11 reptiles have only Keap1/Keap1b. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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