Fig. 3

Knockdown of cthrc1a impairs CE movements. (A–D) Convergence of lateral cells in CoMO-injected and cthrc1MO-injected embryos. A small group of lateral margin cells were labelled at 6 hpf, and their dorsal-ward convergence was examined at 10 hpf. (E) Plot compares the extent of convergence of labelled cells in CoMO-injected and cthrc1MO-injected embryos. Bars represent the mean ± s.d. from three independent experiments (***, P < 0.001). The inset image is an animal pole view showing the angle formed between labelled cells and the line perpendicular to the dorsoventral axis, with green dot representing the centre of the image. (F–I) Anteroposterior extension of midline cells in CoMO-injected and cthrc1MO-injected embryos, by following the movement of a small group of cells initially labelled at shield region. (J) Plot compares the extent of extension of labelled cells in CoMO-injected and cthrc1MO-injected embryos. The inset image shows the angle formed between the dorsal side and most anteriorly labelled cells. Bars represent the mean ± s.d. from three independent experiments (***, P < 0.001). (K) Injection of cthrc1MO along with RLDx in the blastomeres on the right side. (L) Anteroposterior extension defect on the injected side, as shown by the curved axis (dashed line). Scale bars: (A-D, F–I and K), 200 μm; (L) 250 μm.