Fig. 6

Robustness of Morphogenesis to Geometrical Parameters

(A, B, and G) Schematic illustration of perturbation methods on A (yolk extraction), N_S (cell ablation), V_C (tetraploid induction), respectively. The plot shows the predicted immediate change of cell shape distribution following perturbation. See also Figures S6A–S6C and Data S1, Texts 12 and 13.

(C and D) Phenotypes of yolk extraction (5 hr postfertilization [hpf], perturbed at 256 cell stage) and cell ablation (3.3 hpf, perturbed at 128 cell stage). The perturbed embryo in (C) has a smaller yolk (92% in diameter) and has an 85% smaller A; the perturbed embryo in (D) has the same yolk diameter but has a smaller total cell volume (<80%). Scale bars represent 100 µm. See also Figure S6D.

(E) <L/R> values after perturbations. Error bars indicate SEM. Dashed line bars are model predictions for corresponding perturbations assuming no feedback. See also Data S1, Text 12.

(F) Scaling of A and N_S in single embryos. Each mark represents one embryo. Lines show interplay model predictions. See also Data S1, Text 12.

(H) Surface cell volumes of control and tetraploid embryos over different cell-cycle stages. The absolute timing is different between controls and tetraploids as tetraploid cells slow down cell cycles earlier (Figure S6G). Volumes are measured using L²R. Error bars indicate SD. p = 6.8 × 10⁴, p = 5.4× 10⁵. The p values for the other three points are >0.1 (t tests).

(I) Surfaces of control and tetraploid cells indicating the density of surface cells. Images are 3D-maximum projections from a center-top view on the surface. The difference is subtle by 1 k cell stage and is more apparent at later stages. Scale bar represents 100 µm.

(J) N_S counts of control and tetraploid over time.

(K) <L/R> of control and tetraploid surface cells over time. Error bars indicate SEM. The No-feedback model prediction assumes no S-D division ratio change in tetraploid embryos despite V_C increase. See also Data S1, Text 13.

(L) Change of S-D division ratio as predicted by model and measured in controls and tetraploids. See also Data S1, Text 13.