Fig. 3

Morphological changes in 2 ng lgi1b morphants after 48 and 72 hpf.

Compared with wild-type (WT) and MO-E2mis-injected embryos (A, C: lateral view and B: dorsal view), lgi1b morphants showed abnormal head development involving smaller eyes and overt hydrocephalus (arrows) in midbrain and hindbrain ventricles compared with wild-type and control morphants. These phenotypes are more obvious at 72 hpf. (D) Embryos were examined at 48 hpf after injection of two doses of MO-E2 (2 ng and 4 ng) or 4 ng of MO-E2mis. More severe hydrocephalus (demarcated by the dotted frames) and smaller eyes were seen in the high dose (4 ng) lgi1b morphants. (E) The consistent gross head and eye defects and hydrocephalus (left; arrows) in 72 hpf lgi1b morphants were rescued by co-injection of the full length lgi1b mRNA (lateral view), shown in more detail on the right. (F) Comparison of relative ventricle sizes in midbrain and hindbrain based on measurements from 10 embryos per group. ** = p<0.01. Scale bars: A, C and E = 500 μm; B = 50 μm; D = 25 μm.