PUBLICATION

Pharmacological Manipulation of Early Zebrafish Skeletal Development Shows an Important Role for Smad9 in Control of Skeletal Progenitor Populations

Authors
McDonald, G.L.K., Wang, M., Hammond, C.L., Bergen, D.J.M.
ID
ZDB-PUB-210307-3
Date
2021
Source
Biomolecules   11(2): (Journal)
Registered Authors
Bergen, Dylan, Hammond, Chrissy
Keywords
BMP-signalling, Smad9, biomolecule, musculoskeletal, osteoblast, osteoporosis, zebrafish
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Biomarkers/metabolism
  • Bone Development/drug effects*
  • Cartilage/growth & development
  • Embryonic Development
  • Larva/growth & development*
  • Smad8 Protein/physiology*
  • Stem Cells/metabolism*
  • Zebrafish/embryology
  • Zebrafish/growth & development*
  • Zebrafish Proteins/physiology*
PubMed
33668680 Full text @ Biomolecules
Abstract
Osteoporosis and other conditions associated with low bone density or quality are highly prevalent, are increasing as the population ages and with increased glucocorticoid use to treat conditions with elevated inflammation. There is an unmet need for therapeutics which can target skeletal precursors to induce osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis. Genes associated with high bone mass represent interesting targets for manipulation, as they could offer ways to increase bone density. A damaging mutation in SMAD9 has recently been associated with high bone mass. Here we show that Smad9 labels groups of osteochondral precursor cells, which are not labelled by the other Regulatory Smads: Smad1 or Smad5. We show that Smad9+ cells are proliferative, and that the Smad9+ pocket expands following osteoblast ablation which induced osteoblast regeneration. We further show that treatment with retinoic acid, prednisolone, and dorsomorphin all alter Smad9 expression, consistent with the effects of these drugs on the skeletal system. Taken together these results demonstrate that Smad9+ cells represent an undifferentiated osteochondral precursor population, which can be manipulated by commonly used skeletal drugs. We conclude that Smad9 represents a target for future osteoanabolic therapies.
Genes / Markers
Figures
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Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping