PUBLICATION
Identifying candidate genes for 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome using clinical, genomic, and functional analysis
- Authors
- Bagheri, H., Badduke, C., Qiao, Y., Colnaghi, R., Abramowicz, I., Alcantara, D., Dunham, C., Wen, J., Wildin, R.S., Nowaczyk, M.J., Eichmeyer, J., Lehman, A., Maranda, B., Martell, S., Shan, X., Lewis, S.M., O'Driscoll, M., Gregory-Evans, C.Y., Rajcan-Separovic, E.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-161007-22
- Date
- 2016
- Source
- JCI insight 1: e85461 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keywords
- none
- MeSH Terms
-
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics*
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Deletion*
- Chromosome Disorders/genetics*
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics*
- Developmental Disabilities/genetics
- Female
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Infant
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Male
- Microcephaly/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Zebrafish
- PubMed
- 27699255 Full text @ JCI Insight
Citation
Bagheri, H., Badduke, C., Qiao, Y., Colnaghi, R., Abramowicz, I., Alcantara, D., Dunham, C., Wen, J., Wildin, R.S., Nowaczyk, M.J., Eichmeyer, J., Lehman, A., Maranda, B., Martell, S., Shan, X., Lewis, S.M., O'Driscoll, M., Gregory-Evans, C.Y., Rajcan-Separovic, E. (2016) Identifying candidate genes for 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome using clinical, genomic, and functional analysis. JCI insight. 1:e85461.
Abstract
The 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome has a core phenotype consisting of intellectual disability, microcephaly, hypotonia, delayed growth, common craniofacial features, and digital anomalies. So far, more than 20 cases of 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome have been reported in the literature; however, the size of the deletions and their breakpoints vary, making it difficult to identify the candidate genes. Recent reports pointed to 4 genes (XPO1, USP34, BCL11A, and REL) that were included, alone or in combination, in the smallest deletions causing the syndrome. Here, we describe 8 new patients with the 2p15p16.1 deletion and review all published cases to date. We demonstrate functional deficits for the above 4 candidate genes using patients' lymphoblast cell lines (LCLs) and knockdown of their orthologs in zebrafish. All genes were dosage sensitive on the basis of reduced protein expression in LCLs. In addition, deletion of XPO1, a nuclear exporter, cosegregated with nuclear accumulation of one of its cargo molecules (rpS5) in patients' LCLs. Other pathways associated with these genes (e.g., NF-κB and Wnt signaling as well as the DNA damage response) were not impaired in patients' LCLs. Knockdown of xpo1a, rel, bcl11aa, and bcl11ab resulted in abnormal zebrafish embryonic development including microcephaly, dysmorphic body, hindered growth, and small fins as well as structural brain abnormalities. Our multifaceted analysis strongly implicates XPO1, REL, and BCL11A as candidate genes for 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping