PUBLICATION
Mesendoderm and left-right brain, heart and gut development are differentially regulated by pitx2 isoforms
- Authors
- Essner, J.J., Branford, W.W., Zhang, J., and Yost, H.J.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-000309-42
- Date
- 2000
- Source
- Development (Cambridge, England) 127(5): 1081-1093 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Branford, William, Essner, Jeffrey, Yost, H. Joseph, Zhang, Jun
- Keywords
- none
- MeSH Terms
-
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Body Patterning*
- Brain/metabolism*
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology
- Endoderm/physiology*
- Evolution, Molecular
- Heart/embryology*
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics*
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism*
- Humans
- Intestines/embryology*
- Mesoderm/physiology*
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins*
- Paired Box Transcription Factors
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription Factors/genetics*
- Transcription Factors/metabolism*
- Xenopus
- Zebrafish/embryology*
- Zebrafish/genetics
- PubMed
- 10662647 Full text @ Development
Citation
Essner, J.J., Branford, W.W., Zhang, J., and Yost, H.J. (2000) Mesendoderm and left-right brain, heart and gut development are differentially regulated by pitx2 isoforms. Development (Cambridge, England). 127(5):1081-1093.
Abstract
The pitx2 gene is a member of the bicoid-homeodomain class of transcription factors that has been implicated in the control of left-right asymmetry during organogenesis. Here we demonstrate that in zebrafish there are two pitx2 isoforms, pitx2a and pitx2c, which show distinct expression patterns and have non-overlapping functions during mesendoderm and asymmetric organ development. pitx2c is expressed symmetrically in presumptive mesendoderm during late blastula stages and in the prechordal plate during late gastrulation. pitx2a expression is first detected at bud stage in the anterior prechordal plate. The regulation of early mesendoderm pitx2c expression is dependent on one-eyed pinhead (EGF-CFC-related gene) and spadetail (tbx-transcription factor) and can be induced by ectopic goosecoid expression. Maintenance of pitx2c midline expression is dependent on cyclops (nodal) and schmalspur, but not no tail (brachyury). Ectopic expression of pitx2 isoforms results in distinct morphological and molecular phenotypes, indicating that pitx2a and pitx2c have divergent regulatory functions. Both isoforms downregulate goosecoid on the dorsal side, but in contrast to earlier reports that nodal and lefty are upstream of pitx2, ectopic pitx2c in other regions induces cyclops, lefty2 and goosecoid expression. Asymmetric isoform expression occurs in non-overlapping domains, with pitx2c in left dorsal diencephalon and developing gut and pitx2a in left heart primordium. Targeted asymmetric expression in Xenopus shows that both isoforms can alter left-right development, but pitx2a has a slightly stronger effect on heart laterality. Our results indicate that distinct genetic pathways regulate pitx2a and pitx2c isoform expression, and each isoform regulates different downstream pathways during mesendoderm and asymmetric organ development.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping