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Fig. 12 Chemical inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine reduces neural crest cell death in raptor mutants. Confocal images of representative (A) wild-type, (B) heterozygous and (C) mutant fli1:EGFP fish at 36 hpf. All fish were exposed to 1 mM chloroquine from 6 hpf to 4 dpf. Red puncta are TUNEL-positive cells. (D) Graph of TUNEL-positive puncta in the first two pharyngeal arches. Each point is one fish: wild types (circles), heterozygotes (triangles) and mutants (squares). The statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. Data are mean±s.e.m.