Fig. 3

The effect of different adrenergic agonists (A, adrenaline; B, noradrenaline; C, isoproterenol) and general ß-AR antagonists (propranolol or sotalol) on heart rate in 7 dpf adrb1^+/+ and adrb1^−/− zebrafish larvae. All drugs were applied at a final concentration of 100 μM. The effects of each agonist were analyzed in separate three-way ANOVAs. Note that on each panel the “no agonist” bars (non-colored), including those with antagonists, are repeated to provide control data for comparison with a given agonist; all of the data were collected in the same sessions so the use of the same controls was appropriate. ns, p > 0.05; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. N values are shown by individual data points. Bars show means ± SEM.