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Fig. 9
Butyrate further supported the differentiated state of microbiotas associated with LGG EPS or BL23 EPS. Adult zebrafish (1-month-old) were fed with the control diet, HF diet, or HF diet supplemented with 1.0% BL23 EPS or 1.0% LGG EPS for 4 weeks. Intestinal acetate levels (a), propionate levels (b), isobutyrate levels (c), butyrate levels (d) in zebrafish fed different diets which was performed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (n = 3). e The O2 concentration in the intestinal mucosa layer of zebrafish fed with different diets for 4 weeks (n = 3). fRepresentative images of hypoxyprobe immunostaining in the intestine of zebrafish fed with different diets for 4 weeks. The scale bar is 50 μm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Graph bars labelled with different letters on top represent statistically significant results (P < 0.05), whereas bars with the same letter corresponds to results that show no statistically significant differences