|
Fig. 4 cxcr4a morphants have aberrant CNCC migration and arch condensation. Lateral views, anterior to the left. (A–D) tg{fli1::eGFP} (green) embryo marking postmigratory CNCCs double labeled with the endoderm marker Zn-8 (red). (E–J) tg{sox10::eGFP}(green) labeling neural crest migration and condensation into the pharyngeal arch region. (A, B) cxcr4a morphants (B) show loose arch structure, as compared to wild type embryos. (A) Arrowheads mark endodermal pouch 1 and stomodeum in A–D as a reference for compaction. In addition, endodermal specification and morphogenesis is unaffected as seen by Zn8 expression (red). (C, D) cxcr7b MO injected embryos (D) have normal CNCC (green) compaction in the pharyngeal arch and endodermal expression of Zn8 (red) as compared to wildtype at 28 hpf (C). (E, G) Wildtype tg{sox10::eGFP} embryos display normal onset of CNCC migration from the neural tube toward the ventral arch region, migrate normally mid-migration at 16 hpf (E) and are properly organized post-migration at 25 hpf (G). Early to mid CNCC migration is unaffected in cxcr4a morphants at 16 hpf, as CNCCs are migrating ventrally from the neural tube (F) but show loose organization of CNCC in the anterior arches at 25 hpf (H). cxcr7b morphant embryos have normal arch morphology (I) and double cxcr4a and cxcr7b morphants (J) show a similar disorganized arch phenotype as cxcr4a single morphants.
Reprinted from Developmental Biology, 333(1), Olesnicky Killian, E.C., Birkholz, D.A., and Artinger, K.B., A role for chemokine signaling in neural crest cell migration and craniofacial development, 161-172, Copyright (2009) with permission from Elsevier. Full text @ Dev. Biol.