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Fig. 4 Knockdown of IGFBP-1 partially abrogates hypoxia-caused growth retardation and developmental delay. (A) Morphology of control MO- (Cont) or IGFBP-1 MO-injected embryos at 36 hpf. After raised to 12 hpf in normoxic water, the injected embryos were transferred to normal (normoxia) or hypoxic (hypoxia) water for 24 h. (Scale bar, 500 μm.) (B and C) Knockdown of IGFBP-1 attenuated hypoxia-induced growth and developmental retardations but had no effect under normoxia. Embryos injected with 2 ng of control MO or 1, 2, or 4 ng of MO1 were raised to 12 hpf and then transferred to normal or hypoxic water. After 24 h, their body lengths (B) and HTA (C) were measured. Values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 20–30). Groups with the same letters (a, b, c, or d) are not significantly different from each other (P < 0.05).